The relationship between classroom environment and myopia / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: Based on a cohort and intervention study of the Eastern Chinese Student Surveillance, Cohort and Intervention Study (ES-SCI), this research aims to explore the correlation between monitor of the school environment and longitudinal data on myopia and provide evidence for the government myopia intervention strategy. Methods: This survey adopts the stratified cluster sampling method with the school as the unit. Students from grade 1 to grade 3 were selected according to the whole class to monitor the school environment in the classroom. Students will use the full-automatic computer optometer (TOPCON RM800) to conduct optometry from 2019 to 2021 under the condition of mydriasis to perform refractive eye examinations. Meantime eye axis length monitoring was also conducted. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to explore the relationship between school environmental monitoring and the occurrence and development of students' myopia. Results: From 2019 to 2021, 2 670 students from 77 classrooms participated in the observation study. The students' diopter after right/left eye mydriasis decreased in varying degrees (P<0.001), and the axial length of the right/left eye increased in various degrees (P<0.001). The weighted qualified rate of per capita area of primary school classrooms increased from 18.0% in 2019 to 26.0% in 2021, the weighted average illuminance pass rate of blackboard surface increased from 23.8% in 2019 to 26.4% in 2021, and the weighted average illuminance pass rate of classroom table decreased from 86.7% in 2019 to 77.5% in 2021. The trend chi-square test was significant (P<0.05). Cox proportional risk regression showed that after correcting for the grade, gender, parental myopia, diet, sleep, near work (sitting posture, working time, electronic mobile equipment, eye exercises), and outdoor activities, the per capita area of 1.36- m2 was the protective factor of eye axis length (HR=0.778, 95%CI: 0.659-0.918, P=0.003); The average reflection ratio of blackboard 0.15-0.19 was the protective factor of eye axis length (HR=0.685, 95%CI: 0.592-0.793, P<0.001); The average illumination of the blackboard 150-, 300-, 500- lx was the protective factor of the eye axis length (HR=0.456, 95%CI: 0.534-0.761, P<0.001; HR=0.794, 95%CI: 0.705-0.895, P<0.001; HR=0.690, 95%CI: 0.619-0.768, P<0.001). The blackboard evenness 0.40-0.59 was the risk factor of eye axis length (HR=1.528, 95%CI: 1.018-2.293, P=0.041), and the blackboard evenness 0.80- was the protection factor of eye axis length (HR=0.542, 95%CI: 0.404-0.726, P<0.001). The evenness of the desktop 0.40-0.59 was the protective factor of eye axis length (HR=0.820, 95%CI: 0.698-0.965, P=0.017). The average illuminance of 150-, 300-, 500- lx was the protective factor of a diopter (HR=0.638, 95%CI: 0.534-0.761, P<0.001; HR=0.911, 95%CI: 0.848-0.978, P=0.011; HR=0.750, 95%CI: 0.702-0.801, P<0.001). The average illumination of desktop 500- lx was a protective factor of a diopter (HR=0.855, 95%CI: 0.763-0.958, P=0.007). Conclusion: School environmental monitoring indicators, such as meeting per capita area standards, passing blackboard, and desk top-related indicators, all play protective effects on myopia development in students.

Entinostat, a class I selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, plus exemestane for Chinese patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Entinostat plus exemestane in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) previously showed encouraging outcomes. This multicenter phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of entinostat plus exemestane in Chinese patients with HR + ABC that relapsed/progressed after ≥1 endocrine therapy. Patients were randomized (2:1) to oral exemestane 25 mg/day plus entinostat (n = 235) or placebo (n = 119) 5 mg/week in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the independent radiographic committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). The median age was 52 (range, 28-75) years and 222 (62.7%) patients were postmenopausal. CDK4/6 inhibitors and fulvestrant were previously used in 23 (6.5%) and 92 (26.0%) patients, respectively. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the entinostat and placebo groups. The median PFS was 6.32 (95% CI, 5.30-9.11) and 3.72 (95% CI, 1.91-5.49) months in the entinostat and placebo groups (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = 0.046), respectively. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 154 (65.5%) patients in the entinostat group versus 23 (19.3%) in the placebo group, and the most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were neutropenia [103 (43.8%)], thrombocytopenia [20 (8.5%)], and leucopenia [15 (6.4%)]. Entinostat plus exemestane significantly improved PFS compared with exemestane, with generally manageable toxicities in HR + ABC (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03538171).

Multivariable analysis of tooth loss in subjects with severe periodontitis over 4-year natural progression / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the characteristics of severe periodontitis with various number of tooth loss during 4-year natural progression, and to analyze the factors related to higher rate of tooth loss.@*METHODS@#A total of 217 patients aged 15 to 44 years with severe periodontitis were included, who participated in a 4-year natural progression research. Data obtained from questionnaire survey, clinical examination and radiographic measurement. Tooth loss during 4-year natural progression was evaluated. The baseline periodontal disease related and caries related factors were calculated, including number of teeth with bone loss > 50%, number of missing molars, number of teeth with widened periodontal ligament space (WPDL), number of teeth with periapical lesions and etc. Characteristics of populations with various number of tooth loss and the related factors that affected higher rate of tooth loss were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In 4 years of natural progression, 103 teeth were lost, and annual tooth loss per person was 0.12±0.38. Nine patients lost 3 or more teeth. Thirty-four patients lost 1 or 2 teeth, and 174 patients were absent of tooth loss. Molars were mostly frequent to lose, and canines presented a minimum loss. The number of teeth with WPDL, with periapical lesions, with intrabony defects, with probing depth (PD)≥7 mm, with PD≥5 mm, with clinical attachment loss≥5 mm, with bone loss > 50% and with bone loss > 65% were positively correlated to number of tooth loss. Results from orderly multivariate Logistic regression showd that the number of teeth with bone loss > 50% OR=1.550), baseline number of molars lost (OR=1.774), number of teeth with WPDL (1 to 2: OR=1.415; ≥3: OR=13.105), number of teeth with periapical lesions (1 to 2: OR=4.393; ≥3: OR=9.526) and number of teeth with caries/residual roots (OR=3.028) were significant risk factors related to higher likelihood of tooth loss and multiple tooth loss.@*CONCLUSION@#In 4 years of natural progression, the number of teeth with bone loss > 50%, baseline number of missing molars, number of teeth with WPDL, baseline number of teeth with periapical lesions and number of teeth with caries/residual roots were significantly related to higher risk of tooth loss and multiple tooth loss among Chinese young and middle-aged patients with severe periodontitis in rural areas.

Metagenomic Analysis of Environmental Samples from Wildlife Rescue Station at Poyang Lake, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To improve the understanding of the virome and bacterial microbiome in the wildlife rescue station of Poyang Lake, China.@*METHODS@#Ten smear samples were collected in March 2019. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to delineate bacterial and viral diversity. Taxonomic analysis was performed using the Kraken2 and Bracken methods. A maximum-likelihood tree was constructed based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of picornavirus.@*RESULTS@#We identified 363 bacterial and 6 viral families. A significant difference in microbial and viral abundance was found between samples S01-S09 and S10. In S01-S09, members of Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria were the most prevalent, while in S10, the most prevalent bacteria class was Actinomycetia. Among S01-S09, members of Myoviridae and Herelleviridae were the most prevalent, while the dominant virus family of S10 was Picornaviridae. The full genome of the pigeon mesivirus-like virus (NC-BM-233) was recovered from S10 and contained an open reading frame of 8,124 nt. It showed the best hit to the pigeon mesivirus 2 polyprotein, with 84.10% amino acid identity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RdRp clustered into Megrivirus B.@*CONCLUSION@#This study provides an initial assessment of the bacteria and viruses in the cage-smeared samples, broadens our knowledge of viral and bacterial diversity, and is a way to discover potential pathogens in wild birds.

Protective effect of Dictyophora polysaccharide on neurotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite in rats / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Dictyophora polysaccharide on neurotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite in rats.Methods:Sixty SD rats (half males and half females) were selected and fed adaptively for one week. The rats were divided into a normal group ( n = 20, ordinary feed) and a modeling group [ n = 40, arsenic-containing feed (50 mg/kg sodium arsenite)] according to their body weight (80 - 100 g) by random number table method. After 12 weeks, the arsenic content in brain and blood of the rats ( n = 10) was measured to identify the arsenism model. After successful modeling, the rats in the modeling group were divided into Dictyophora polysaccharide group (arsenic-containing feed + 20 ml·kg -1·bw Dictyophora polysaccharide solution by gavage), and model group (arsenic-containing feed + equal volume distilled water by gavage), while the rats in the normal group (ordinary feed + equal volume distilled water by gavage) were retained, with 10 rats in each group for 4 weeks of intervention. Morris water maze test was used to assess the spatial learning and memory ability of the rats. Nissl staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the brain tissue, and the oxidative stress factors [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA)], and inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin -1β (IL-1β)] in the brain tissue of each group were measured. Results:Brain arsenic content of rats in the modeling group [(92.02 ± 13.37) μg/g] and blood arsenic content [(51.37 ± 19.33) μg/L] were higher than those of the normal group [(7.42 ± 3.21) μg/g and (2.74 ± 1.29) μg/L, t = - 6.91, - 6.06, P < 0.001]. The rat model of arsenic poisoning was successfully established. Compared with the normal group, the escape latency on the 1st, 3rd and 4th day and the first arrival time of rats in the model group were prolonged, the number of platform crossings was reduced, and the proportion of target quadrant residence time was decreased ( P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the escape latency on the 4th day and the first arrival time of rats in the Dictyophora polysaccharide group were shortened, and the proportion of target quadrant residence time was prolonged ( P < 0.05). The results of Nissl staining showed that compared with the normal group, the number of Nissl bodies was decreased, the intercellular space increased, and the arrangement was disorderly in the model group; compared with the model group, the number of Nissl bodies was increased, most of the neurons were structurally intact. Compared with the normal group, the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the brain tissue of rats in the model group were lower, and the levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher ( P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the brain tissue of rats in the Dictyophora polysaccharide group were higher, while the levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β were lower ( P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA and IL-1β in the Dictyophora polysaccharide group were not significantly different from those in the normal group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Diactyophora polysaccharide probably reduces the neurotoxicity damage caused by sodium arsenite in rats through antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects.

Efficacy and Safety of Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Tablet for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Clinical Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy and safety of mulberry twig alkaloids (Sangzhi alkaloids, SZ-A) for treatment of type 2 diabetes in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial.@*METHODS@#A total of 200 patients were randomized to receive SZ-A (n=100) or placebo (n=100) for 16 weeks. The data analysis system for electronic data capture clinical trial central randomization system was used for randomization and dispensing of drugs. The primary outcome was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. The secondary outcome included the proportions of cases with HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c <6.5%, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), area under curve for the PBG (AUC0-2h), body weight, and body mass index (BMI). Adverse events (AEs), severe adverse events (SAEs), treatment-related adverse events (TAEs), gastrointestinal disorders (GDs), blood pressure, routine blood tests, and liver and kidney function were monitored.@*RESULTS@#Compared with baseline, the change of HbA1c at week 16 was -0.80% (95% CI: -0.98% to -0.62%) and -0.09% (95% CI: -0.27% to 0.09%) in SZ-A group and placebo group, respectively. The proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% and <6.5% was higher in the SZ-A group than in the placebo group (46.8% vs. 21.6% and 29.9% vs. 10.8%). The observed values and changes in FBG, 1 h-PBG, 2 h-PBG, and AUC0-2h differed significantly between groups (P<0.001), but differences were not significant in body weight and BMI (P>0.05). The incidence rates of AEs, TAEs, and GDs differed significantly between groups (P=0.010, P=0.005, and P=0.006, respectively), whereas the incidence rates of SAEs showed no significant differences between groups (P=1.000).@*CONCLUSION@#SZ-A are effective and safe for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The protocol was registered in http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=60117 (ChiCTR2000038550).

Incidence, mortality and trends of drowning among children aged 0-14 years in China, 1990-2019 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the incidence and mortality of drowning and secular trend among children aged 0-14 from 1990 to 2019 in China, so as to provide reference for drowning intervention among children in China.@*Methods@#Based on data of drowning incidence and death in 0-14 years old children in China in 1990-2019 years Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2019) database, the standardized rate was calculated by the world standard population, and the trend of incidence rate and mortality rate was fitted by Joinpoint regression model respectively.@*Results@#From 1990 to 2019, the overall incidence of drowning among children aged 0-14 years in China decreased from 37.17/100 000 to 12.54/100 000, a relative decrease of 66.26%; the standardized incidence rate decreased from 21.78/100 000 to 14.98/100 000, a relative decrease of 31.22%. The incidence rate and standardized incidence rate of drowning in children showed an increasing after decreasing trend, with decreasing mortality and standardized mortality rate. Joinpoint regression showed that the incidence rate of standardized AAPC for child drowning was -1.3, -2.5 for males and 0 for females. The overall standardized mortality rate of drowning was -3.9, male was -3.6, female was about -4.5 , the trend changes were statistically significant ( P <0.05). The incidence rate and mortality rate of male were higher than that of female, and there was significant difference between male and female groups ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Significant progress has been made in child drowning prevention and control, with substantial decreasing in the incidence rate of child drowning. However, considering recent slight increase in drowning incidence, effective measures should be developmed including risk factors, vulnerable population to further control the incidence and mortality of child drowning.

Pneumonia mortality in children aged 0-14 years in China during 2005 to 2019 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand pneumonia mortality in children aged 0-14 years in China in recent 15 years, and to provide reference for child pneumonia prevention and treatment.@*Methods@#Based on the death data from China Statistical Yearbook 2005-2019, pneumonia mortality in urban and rural children aged 0-14 was extracted and the standardized mortality was calculated, and the trend of mortality was fitted by Joinpoint regression model.@*Results@#The crude mortality rate of child pneumonia in urban and rural areas showed an increasing trend, while the standardized mortality rate showed a fluctuating downward trend. Joinpoint regression showed that the mortality rate of pneumonia in urban and rural children showed a monotonous downward trend, and there was no turning point. The overall APC of pneumonia mortality of urban children was -3.4, that of boys and girls were both -3.5. Trend for annual changes in urban areas were found significant among total sample and boys (both P <0.05). The overall APC of pneumonia mortality in rural children was -7.8, that of boys and girls were -7.1 and -7.8, respectively. Trend for annual changes in rural areas were found significant among total sample and boys(both P <0.05). There was no significant differences in the trend of mortality between urban and rural groups.@*Conclusion@#During 2005 to 2019, child pneumonia mortality in urban and rural areas in China shows a downward trend, which is relatively balanced in urban and rural areas. Further strengthened pediatric pneumonia treatment and management are expected to reduce the pneumonia mortality.

Research progress on the antitumor effect of flavonoid derivatives / 药学学报

Malignant tumors seriously endanger human life and health, and their treatment has always been a research focus of scientists all over the world. Natural flavonoids and their derivatives have a variety of biological activities, especially regarding antitumor growth, with unique biological activities. They can interfere with the growth cycle of tumor cells, change the mitochondrial membrane potential, promote apoptosis, and can reduce the immune escape of tumor cells and prevent tumor metastasis by improving human immunity. In the human body, they regulate the biological signal transduction, leading to the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression. They inhibit the growth of solid tumors by regulating the growth of vascular epithelial cells and blocking the formation of blood vessels in tumor tissue. Recent studies have shown that these compounds can play an important role in the treatment of various human tumors and are expected to be developed into new antitumor drugs. This review summarizes the recent research results on the antitumor mechanism of flavonoids and their ability to inhibit tumor growth.

Design and application of / 中国针灸

On the base of the principle of penetrating moxibustion and in combination with free adjustment devices such as movable U-shaped moxa stick holder and movable clamp, a new type of moxibustion box exerted on the head is designed, with precise positioning and sufficient heat intensity.

Adjuvant treatment of penetrating moxibustion at governor vessel for persistent allergic rhinitis of deficiency-cold syndrome / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the efficacy and action mechanism of penetrating moxibustion at governor vessel for persistent allergic rhinitis of deficiency-cold syndrome.@*METHODS@#Ninety patients with persistent allergic rhinitis of deficiency-cold syndrome were randomly divided into an observation group (@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the TCM symptom scores, VAS scores, RQLQ scores, serum levels of IgE and complete blood count of EOS in the two groups were all reduced after treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the momethasone furoate nasal spray, the adjuvant treatment of penetrating moxibustion at governor vessel could significantly improve the clinical symptoms in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis of deficiency-cold syndrome, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of immune disorder.

Effect and Safety of Penetrating Moxibustion in Treatment of Migraine without Aura: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of penetrating moxibustion on migraine without aura (MO) patients.@*METHODS@#Totally 60 MO patients from the Acupuncture Clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine were collected from November 2015 to February 2017. All patients were assigned to a treatment group and a control group using a random number table, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with penetrating moxibustion, and the control group was treated with mild moxibustion, thrice a week for 4 consecutive weeks. The total effective rate, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, headache intensity, and Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) scores of patients after treatment were compared between the two groups. The moxibustion sensation and reaction after moxibustion were observed, and the adverse reactions were evaluated. All patients were followed up at 4 and 16 weeks after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (93.33% vs. 80.00%, P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Penetrating moxibustion can significantly relieve pain and improve quality of life of MO patients. After penetrating moxibustion, flushing and sweating of patients were obvious, and the curative effect was superior to the mild moxibustion.

Advances of the Regulation of microRNAs in Follicular Development / 中国医学科学院学报

In recent years,microRNAs(miRNAs)have been detected at different stages of follicular development and in different cells of follicles.Extracellular vesicle(EV)-derived miRNAs have also been detected in the follicular fluid of mature follicles.miRNAs participate in the regulation of normal follicular development,and the regulation disorder may lead to the occurrence of some ovarian diseases.In order to further systematically elucidate the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs on follicular development and find suitable EV-derived miRNAs that can predict oocyte development,we reviewed the functions of miRNAs in follicular development from the perspectives of granulosa cell development,oocyte development,and hormone synthesis.

Neurological Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In recent years， the incidence of neurological diseases has been increasing year by year. To give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of neurological disorders， identify the breakthrough point of integrating TCM with western medicine， and further standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of TCM， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized neurologists in TCM and western medicine to carry out in-depth discussion on the neurological diseases responding specifically to TCM and integrated TCM and western medicine， such as stroke， headache， vertigo， multiple sclerosis， and epilepsy， aiming to formulate a well-recognized and integrated treatment protocol for TCM and western medicine and improve the efficacy of neurological disorders. Furthermore， the treatment suggestions of the corresponding diseases in TCM and western medicine were proposed to provide references for clinical practice and scientific research.

Studies on optimization of two-dimensional culture of preantral follicles in mice in vitro / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To optimize the two-dimensional culture system of mouse preantral follicles, and discuss the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on the in vitro development of mouse preantral follicles. Methods The primary follicles (PM follicles, 80-100 μm) and early second follicles (ES follicles, 110-130 μm) harvested from mouse ovaries at day 14 were in vitro cultured with different concentrations of r-FSH culture medium (10 mU/ml and 100 mU/ml). The follicles growth in vitro and the oocytes maturation were observed and recorded. The growth model of antral follicles at day 10 and the levels of estradiol (E2) in the different concentrations of culture medium were examined. The expression levels of FSH receptor (FSHR), steroid hormone synthesis rate-limiting enzyme (3β-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD), 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17) and aromatase (CYP19) in follicles were detected by Western blotting. Results The cavity rates of PM follicles in 10 mU/ml and 100 mU/ml r-FSH media (0.00%±0.00%, 36.14%±4.02%) and oocyte maturation rates (0.00%±0.00%, 23.54%±7.62%) were obviously lower than the cavity rates of ES follicles (78.63%±4.13%, 92.74%±2.54%) and oocyte maturation rates (48.55%±3.73%, 80.88%±4.02%) with statistical significance (P<0.05). The cavity rates of ES follicles in 100 mU/ml r-FSH media (92.74%±2.54%) and oocyte maturation rates (80.88%±4.02%) were obviously higher than the ES follicles in 10 mU/ml r-FSH media (78.63%±4.13%) and oocyte maturation rates (48.55%±3.73%) with statistical significance (P<0.05). ES follicles in 10 mU/ml r-FSH presented a pattern of tiled growth, while in 100 mU/ml r-FSH presented a stereoscopic spatial growth pattern, which was closer to that of the follicles in vivo. The relative expression level of FSHR in ES follicles was obviously higher than that in PM follicles (1.86±0.32 vs. 1.19±0.28, t=4.94, P<0.05). The expressions of 3β-HSD, CYP17 and CYP19, as well as the secretion of E2 in ES follicles cultured with 100 mU/ml r-FSH were significantly higher than in ES follicles cultured with 10 mU/ml r-FSH. Conclusions FSH can not only change the in vitro development rate, but also change the development pattern of preantral follicles in vitro. The ideal follicle development rate and development mode could be obtained by selecting ES follicles cultured in medium containing 100 mU/ml r-FSH.

Exploration and practice of micro-video teaching of / 中国针灸

In this paper, the micro-video teaching mode was explored in the course construction of . The micro-video teaching contents include the academic thought, experience in diagnosis and treatment, characteristic technology and clinical manipulation of famous acupuncture experts in the Henan University of CM. Each micro-video film is designed within 15-18 min, including three sections of knowledge, i.e. basic theory, technological application and clinical manipulation. Each section is designed within 5-6 min. The construction of the teaching course of is the innovation of practice mode of TCM and the new approach to the inheritance of the experience of experts. The construction of micro-video teaching course propels the reform of teaching mode, improves the learning initiative of students and clinical manipulative ability so as to improve the teaching effect and quality.

Clinical analysis of abnormal blinking in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the cause and treatment of abnormal blinking in 225 children. <p>METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the causes, examination results, treatment methods and efficacy of abnormal blinking in 225 children. <p>RESULTS: Among 225 children, 156 cases(69.3%)had corneal or conjunctival diseases, of which 68 cases(30.2%)were diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis and 88 cases(39.1%)with other corneal or conjunctival diseases, 38 cases(16.9%)were found with eyelid disease, 65 cases(28.9%)with ametropia, 56 cases(24.9%)with dry eye, and 108 cases(48%)with video terminal syndrome. After 1wk to 2mo of treatment for the underlying causes, 175 cases were cured and 35 cases were improved, with no improvement observed in 15 cases. <p>CONCLUSION: The cause of abnormal blinking in children is relatively complex, which is closely related to allergic conjunctivitis, video terminal syndrome, dry eye and ametropia. It should be considered comprehensively in clinical practice and treatment should be given targeting different causes.

Clinical screening and genetic diagnosis for Prader-Willi syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical screening and genetic diagnosis of children suspected of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), as well as the differences in the scores of clinical diagnostic criteria among the children with a confirmed diagnosis of PWS.@*METHODS@#A total of 94 children suspected of PWS who were admitted from July 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled as subjects. Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) was performed to confirm the diagnosis. For the children with a confirmed diagnosis of PWS, the scores of clinical diagnostic criteria were determined, and the perinatal characteristics were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 11 children with PWS were confirmed by MS-MLPA, with a detection rate of 12%, among whom there were 7 boys and 4 girls, with a median age of 3 years and 4 months (range 25 days to 6 years and 8 months) at the time of confirmed diagnosis. Among the 11 children with PWS, only 5 children (45%) met the criteria for clinical diagnosis. The main perinatal characteristics of the children with PWS were decreased fetal movement (9 cases, 82%), cesarean section birth (11 cases, 100%), hypotonia (11 cases, 100%), feeding difficulties (11 cases, 100%), and weak crying (11 cases, 100%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Gene testing should be performed as early as possible for children suspected of PWS by clinical screening. PWS may be missed if only based on the scores of clinical diagnostic criteria.

Effect of Volatile Oil from Xanthii Fructus on Airway Remodeling of Rats with Bronchial Asthma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss the effect of volatile oil from Xanthii Fructus on airway remodeling of rats with bronchial asthma, in order to discuss the mechanism of action through matrix metalloteinases-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 mRNA expressions. Method:Forty-eight rats (half males and half females) were randomly divided into six groups (n=8), namely normal saline group, model group, volatile oil from Xanthii Fructus (7.5, 15, 30 mg·kg-1) groups and dexamethasone group (0.5 mg·kg-1). Except for normal saline group, airway remodeling of rats were established through ovalbumin sensitization and atomization inhalation method. At volatile oil group, rats got volatile oil spray since the first time (the 4th week after modeling) of inspiration of asthma to the last day before the end of test. Histopathological changes of bronchus and lung were analyzed by htoxylin eosin (HE) stain. And airway remodeling was observed, and perimeter of bronchial lumen (Pi), smooth muscle area of bronchi (S), tube wall area (W) and nuclei of smooth muscle cells (N) were recorded. And levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) in irrigation solution of Alveoli (BALF) were detected. And mRNA expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-1, PDGF, TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 were detected by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). Result:In the model group, infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells were found at the peribronchial wall, airway smooth muscle thickness and basement membrane increased, and bureaucratic cavity was narrower and flatter. Volatile oil from Xanthii Fructus can ameliorate pathological damage of bronchopulmonary tissue. Levels of S/Pi, W/Pi and N/Pi, BALF, ET-1, IGF-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 and mRNA expressions of MMP-9 and PDGF in volatile oil group and dexamethasone group were lower than those in model group (Pβ1, Smad2 and Smad3 were less than those in model group (PPConclusion:Volatile oil from Xanthii Fructus can regulate levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, MMP-9/TIMP-1, TGF-β1/Smad, inhibit expressions of PDGF, ET-1 and IGF-1, and suppress subepithelial fibrosis, extracellular matrix synthesis, proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells to relieve or inhibit airway remodeling, so as to prevent and treat asthma.

Application of active components from traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease / 中国中药杂志

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a non-specific and chronic recurrent autoimmune disease that involves the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical symptoms of intestinal bleeding, diarrhea, and weight loss threat to human health and induce colorectal cancer. The pathogenesis included living environment, genetic factors, immune cell infiltration and immune stress, weakened mucosal barrier defense and intestinal flora imbalance. At present, clinical treatment drugs mainly include aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biological agents, etc., in view of the disadvantages of poor therapeutic effect and expensive price. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the treatment IBD have various biological activities and multiple targets such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor and immune regulation. This article summarized the application and the research progress in protecting intestinal epithelial barrier, maintaining intestinal microbial homeostasis, inhibiting causative factors, and regulating Th1/Th17/Treg balance about TCM in the treatment of IBD. The review provided new ideas for further development of the new drugs on the mechanism based on active ingredients of TCM in IBD treatment.